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计算机的历史画廊(图片散文——时代)

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埃尼阿克,1946

作为第一个通用电子计算机,这个电子数字积分计算机(ENIAC)最初是为二战使用而设计的,但是直到二战结束后,第二年才完成。装设在宾夕法尼亚大学,它的40个独立的8英尺高的支架和18,000条管子目的是计算弹道轨迹。
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SAGE,1954

一个巨大的计算机化的防空系统,SAGE(Semi-Automatic Ground Environment半自动地面防空警备系统)旨在帮助空军实时跟踪雷达数据。装置了调制解调器和图形显示技术的进步配备,机器重达300吨,占据了一个大楼的一个楼层。

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NEAC 2203,1960

由日本电气公司(NEC)研制的,这个鼓型的机器是日本最早的晶体管计算机之一。这个计算机被用于商务,科学和工程应用。

 
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IBM System/360,1964

一种可互换计算机系列的一部分,IBM公司的System/360主机是第一个涵盖全范围应用,从小到大,从商业到科学的主机。用户不必作出令人头痛的软件升级就能够放大或缩小其设置。高端的的System/360机型曾在NASA的阿波罗登月计划以及空中交通控制系统起作用。
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CDC 6600,1964

很长一段时间里它都是世界上最快的机器,控制数据公司的6600机器是由著名的计算机设计师西摩克雷设计的。CDC 6600的速度王冠一直保持到1969年克雷的下一个超级计算机的设计。
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DEC PDP-8,1965

第一个成功的商业小型计算机。PDP – 8,由DEC(数字设备公司)研发,在发布后售出50000台,是那时数目最多的一种计算机。在 Apple 和Gnu/Linux发布出占主导地位的IBM/Microsoft模式的替代品的几年以前,DEC就已经提出他自己的设想: 通过鼓励用户自学然后参与到计算机的改革中来。

 

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接口信息处理器, 1969

设想在冷战高峰期,当美国政府寻求确保其计算机在某些情况下(比如在一个节点被核攻击,或其他敌对的行为摧毁网络)还能运行良好的办法,第一代网关形成了接口信息处理器,这是就是今天的路由器。因此,接口信息在阿帕网(美国国防部高级研究计划局计算机网)的发展中扮演了一个关键的角色,阿帕网是世界上第一个业务分组交换网络,也是当代互联网发展的前身。
20100202130209_74882Kenbak-1, 1971
一般被认为是世界上第一个“个人电脑”的Kenbak,被吹捧为一种易于使用的教育工具。但它的销量几十台都不到。它缺乏一个微处理器,因此计算能力仅仅有256字节,它的唯一的输出是以一系列闪烁的灯的形式表达。
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Cray-1, 1976
在其发布的那段时间,Cray – 1是世界上运行最快的计算机。尽管它的售价——5~10亿美元——但它仍然畅销。它是由西摩·克雷设计的很多计算机中的一种。西摩·克雷是一个毕生致力于对所谓的超级计算机(具有优先处理能力和计算速度的计算机)的研发的机械工程师。
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Apple I, 1976

最初设想是由史蒂夫沃兹尼亚克(又名“沃兹”)作为自己动手组装的电脑,Apple I 最初被他的老板在惠普拒绝。他并没有气馁,又把它展示给硅谷的“家酿计算机俱乐部”,他与他的朋友史蒂夫乔布斯一起设法卖给了加利福尼亚州山景城模型的电脑商店50个计算机抢先模型,建议零售价为:666美元。虽然销量低,但是为Apple II的大获成功铺平了道路。
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IBM个人电脑, 1981
它采用了独立的键盘、打印机、显示器、简单易于操作并有完整的前瞻性包,这些使IBM个人电脑走出爱好者的车库通向企业和消费市场主流。其巨大的商业成功,使它多年来一直是个人电脑系统的标志,并致使其他厂家生产类似的台式机。
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Osborne 1 便携式计算机, 1981
第一个商用便携式计算机——奥斯本,重24磅。成本不到2,000美元。它得到了流行是因为它价格低廉并且包含大量的软件库。
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惠普 150, 1983
惠普150是第一个商用的具有触摸屏技术的计算机,这是了当今触屏技术广泛使用的第一步。 9英寸的计算机屏幕周围遍布了红外线发射器和接收器,用于检测到用户的手指的位置。
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深蓝, 1997
在80年代后期开始于IBM,深蓝色的项目是一个运用多重处理解决一个难题的尝试-即,击败了世界上最好的棋手,加里·卡斯帕罗夫。经过了六场比赛,卡斯帕罗夫最终输了,困惑的他认为一定有一步是棋出自上帝之手。
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iPhone, 2007
这个方便的小装置,苹果首席执行官史蒂夫乔布斯在2007年推出,不仅汇集了上网,普通手机,相机和媒体播放器的功能,还支持多种第三方应用程序。可以提供从菜谱到夜空图之类的每一件事情,而且它很小,外形光滑,富有光泽。
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iPad, 2010

现在的平板时代终于到来。它被称为的iPad,它半英寸厚,重量为1.5磅,采用了9.7英寸的显示器。如史蒂夫乔布斯所介绍的,该设备的电池可维持10小时机器正常工作,所以你就可以使用所有的第三方应用程序,比如游戏、视频或读在线报纸。Wi – Fi iPad报价为499美元,3G版本报价为629美元。

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